In May 2025, DeepMind reported that its AlphaEvolve agent discovered a way to multiply two 4x4 complex-valued matrices using only 48 scalar multiplications. DeepMind described this as the first improvement over Strassen’s 1969 algorithm for that specific problem size in 56 years. The same agent, applied to more than 50 open problems in mathematical analysis, geometry, combinatorics, and number theory, matched the best known solution in about 75 percent of cases and improved on it in roughly 20 percent.