Joseph Weizenbaum, the MIT computer scientist who created the famous ELIZA chatbot, was so disturbed by how readily people trusted and confided in his simple program that he turned into one of AI’s most prominent critics. In 1976 he published “Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation,” arguing that some decisions should never be delegated to computers even when technically possible, as recounted in MIT’s obituary for him.